Buddhism is a major world religion and philosophy founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, in the 5th century BCE in ancient India. It teaches the path to enlightenment and liberation from suffering through practices like meditation, ethical conduct, and wisdom. Central to Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths, which explain the nature and cessation of suffering, and the Noble Eightfold Path, a practical guide to ethical and mental development. Emphasizing concepts such as impermanence, non-self, and karma, Buddhism aims to help individuals achieve inner peace and ultimate liberation (nirvana).